Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) - Hong Kong (2004)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001) z Hong Kong (2004)

	Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2001)	Hong Kong (2004)

Administrative divisions	-	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 14.2% (male 510,702; female 465,145) 15-64 years: 73.3% (male 2,461,914; female 2,560,382) 65 years and over: 12.5% (male 394,697; female 462,285) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	fresh vegetables, poultry, fish, pork
Airports	-	4 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 4 over 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1523 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island	total: 1,092 sq km land: 1,042 sq km water: 50 sq km
Area - comparative	about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	six times the size of Washington, DC
Background	These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983 it became a National Nature Reserve. Recent geological explorations have indicated promising petroleum formations.	Occupied by the UK in 1841, Hong Kong was formally ceded by China the following year; various adjacent lands were added later in the 19th century. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and the UK on 19 December 1984, Hong Kong became the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 1 July 1997. In this agreement, China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be imposed on Hong Kong and that Hong Kong will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs for the next 50 years.
Birth rate	-	7.23 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $26.17 billion expenditures: $32.64 billion, including capital expenditures of $5 billion (2003)
Climate	tropical	tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall
Coastline	74.1 km	733 km
Constitution	-	Basic Law approved in March 1990 by China's National People's Congress is Hong Kong's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands	conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Hong Kong local long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu local short form: Xianggang abbreviation: HK
Currency	-	Hong Kong dollar (HKD)
Death rate	-	5.98 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external	-	$59.21 billion (2003 est.)
Dependency status	territory of Australia; administered from Canberra by the Australian Department of the Environment, Sport, and Territories	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (territory of Australia)	chief of mission: Consul General James KEITH consulate(s) general: 26 Garden Road, Hong Kong mailing address: PSC 461, Box 1, FPO AP 96521-0006 telephone: [852] 2523-9011 FAX: [852] 2524-0860
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (territory of Australia)	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economy - overview	no economic activity	Hong Kong has a free market economy highly dependent on international trade. Natural resources are limited, and food and raw materials must be imported. Imports and exports, including reexports, each exceed GDP in dollar value. Even before Hong Kong reverted to Chinese administration on 1 July 1997 it had extensive trade and investment ties with China. Hong Kong has been further integrating its economy with China because China's growing openness to the world economy has increased competitive pressure on Hong Kong's service industries, and Hong Kong's re-export business from China is a major driver of growth. Per capita GDP compares with the level in the four big economies of Western Europe. GDP growth averaged a strong 5% in 1989-1997, but Hong Kong suffered two recessions in the past 6 years because of the Asian financial crisis in 1998 and the global downturn of 2001-2002. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak also battered Hong Kong's economy, but a boom in tourism from the mainland because of China's easing of travel restrictions, a return of consumer confidence, and a solid rise in exports resulted in the resumption of strong growth in late 2003.
Electricity - consumption	-	37.12 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports	-	1.581 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports	-	10.36 billion kWh (2001)
Electricity - production	-	30.48 billion kWh (2001)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 3 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Tai Mo Shan 958 m
Environment - current issues	NA	air and water pollution from rapid urbanization
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Marine Dumping (associate member)
Ethnic groups	-	Chinese 95%, other 5%
Exchange rates	-	Hong Kong dollars per US dollar - 7.7868 (2003), 7.7989 (2002), 7.7988 (2001), 7.7912 (2000), 7.7575 (1999)
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President of China HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003) head of government: Chief Executive TUNG Chee-hwa (since 1 July 1997) cabinet: Executive Council consists of seven non-official members and 14 official members; including Chief Secretary Donald TSANG Yam-kuen (since 1 May 2001), Financial Secretary Henry TANG (since 2 August 2003), and Secretary of Justice Elsie LEUNG (since 1 July 1997) elections: TUNG Chee-hwa was elected to a second term in March 2002 by an 800-member election committee dominated by pro-Beijing forces; the next election is scheduled to be held in 2007
Exports	-	NA (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, apparel, footwear, watches and clocks, toys, plastics, precious stones
Exports - partners	-	China 42.6%, US 18.7%, Japan 5.4% (2003)
Fiscal year	-	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	the flag of Australia is used	red with a stylized, white, five-petal bauhinia flower in the center
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $213 billion (2003 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 0.1% industry: 12.1% services: 87.9% (2003 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $28,800 (2003 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	3.3% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates	12 14 S, 123 05 E	22 15 N, 114 10 E
Geography - note	Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983	more than 200 islands
Heliports	-	2 (2003 est.)
Highways	-	total: 1,831 km paved: 1,831 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs	-	Makes strenuous law enforcement efforts, but faces difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system provides a conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of synthetic drugs, especially among young people
Imports	-	NA (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	electrical machinery and appliances, textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, raw materials, semimanufactures, petroleum, plastics; a large share is reexported
Imports - partners	-	China 43.5%, Japan 11.9%, Taiwan 6.9%, US 5.5%, Singapore 5%, South Korea 4.8% (2003)
Independence	-	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	-	-9.2% (2003 est.)
Industries	-	textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks
Infant mortality rate	-	total: 2.97 deaths/1,000 live births male: 3.16 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.77 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	-2.6% (2003 est.)
International organization participation	-	APEC, AsDB, BIS, ICC, ICFTU, IHO, IMF, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), IOC, ISO (correspondent), UPU, WCL, WCO, WMO, WToO (associate), WTO
Irrigated land	0 sq km (1993)	20 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Court of Final Appeal in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
Labor force	-	3.5 million (2003 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	-	manufacturing 8.2%, construction 2.9%, wholesale and retail trade, restaurants, and hotels 43.5%, financing, insurance, and real estate 19.5%, transport and communications 7.8%, community and social services 17.8% (Note: above data exclude public sector) (2002 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 30 km regional border: China 30 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 0% forests and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand)	arable land: 5.05% permanent crops: 1.01% other: 93.94% (2001)
Languages	-	Chinese (Cantonese), English; both are official
Legal system	the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply	based on English common law
Legislative branch	-	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (60 seats; in 2004 30 seats indirectly elected by functional constituencies, 30 elected by popular vote; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 12 September 2004 (next to be held in September 2008) election results: percent of vote by party - pro-democracy group 62%; seats by party - (pro-Beijing 34) DAB 12, Liberal Party 10, independents 11, FTU 1; (pro-democracy 25) independents 11, Democratic Party 9, CTU 2, ADPL 1, Frontier Party 1, NWSC 1
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 81.39 years male: 78.72 years female: 84.3 years (2004 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over has ever attended school total population: 93.5% male: 96.9% female: 89.6% (2002)
Location	Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Australia	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Southeast Asia	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	contiguous zone: 12 NM continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 3 NM	territorial sea: 3 nm
Merchant marine	-	total: 663 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 20,478,042 GRT/34,554,455 DWT by type: barge carrier 1, bulk 364, cargo 78, chemical tanker 23, combination bulk 2, combination ore/oil 3, container 97, liquefied gas 20, multi-functional large load carrier 1, petroleum tanker 60, refrigerated cargo 3, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea/passenger 1, specialized tanker 2, vehicle carrier 4 foreign-owned: Australia 2, Belgium 1, British Virgin Islands 1, China 178, Cyprus 1, Denmark 3, France 2, Germany 14, Greece 4, India 9, Indonesia 2, Japan 22, South Korea 2, Malaysia 3, Monaco 9, Norway 16, Panama 4, Philippines 17, Singapore 22, Taiwan 3, Thailand 1, United Kingdom 22, United States 1 registered in other countries: 569 (2004 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force	defense is the responsibility of China
Military branches	-	no regular indigenous military forces; Hong Kong garrison of China's People's Liberation Army (PLA) including elements of the PLA Ground Forces, PLA Navy, and PLA Air Force; these forces are under the direct leadership of the Central Military Commission in Beijing and under administrative control of the adjacent Guangzhou Military Region
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	Hong Kong garrison is funded by China; figures are NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	NA (FY02)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 1,878,574 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 1,404,705 (2004 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 41,821 (2004 est.)
National holiday	-	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 1 July 1997 is celebrated as Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	-	noun: Chinese/Hong Konger adjective: Chinese/Hong Kong
Natural hazards	surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards	occasional typhoons
Natural resources	fish	outstanding deepwater harbor, feldspar
Net migration rate	-	5.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL [Frederick FUNG Kin-kee, chairman]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN Kai-chung]; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong or DAB [MA Lik, chairman]; Democratic Party [LEE Wing-tat, chairman]; Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing, chairwoman]; Liberal Party [James TIEN Pei-chun, chairman] note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood, Democratic Party, Frontier Party; pro-Beijing - Democratic Alliance for the Betterment of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Progressive Alliance, Liberal Party
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (pro-China); Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong; Confederation of Trade Unions (pro-democracy) [LAU Chin-shek, president; LEE Cheuk-yan, general secretary]; Federation of Hong Kong Industries; Federation of Trade Unions (pro-China) [CHENG Yiu-tong, executive councilor]; Hong Kong Alliance in Support of the Patriotic Democratic Movement in China [Szeto WAH, chairman]; Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (pro-Taiwan); Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce; Hong Kong Professional Teachers' Union [CHEUNG Man-kwong, president]; The Alliance [Bernard CHAN, exco member]
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: there are only seasonal caretakers (July 2001 est.)	6,855,125 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	NA
Population growth rate	-	0.65% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors	none; offshore anchorage only	Hong Kong
Radio broadcast stations	-	AM 5, FM 9, shortwave 0 (2004)
Religions	-	eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.1 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage	-	direct election 18 years of age; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years; indirect election limited to about 200,000 members of functional constituencies and an 800-member election committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	-	general assessment: modern facilities provide excellent domestic and international services domestic: microwave radio relay links and extensive fiber-optic network international: country code - 852; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China; access to 5 international submarine cables providing connections to ASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
Telephones - main lines in use	-	3,801,300 (2003)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	7,241,400 (2003)
Television broadcast stations	-	4 (2004)
Terrain	low with sand and coral	hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
Total fertility rate	-	0.91 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	7.9% (2003)
Waterways	none	-

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